Adjectives

An adjectives is a word which describes or modifies nouns, or states some attribute about nouns. The Hindi word for ‘adjective’ is विशेषण (visheshan).

In Hindi, adjectives are changed or inflected according to the gender (masculine feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the nouns they qualify.

Here is a list of some adjectives:

Hindi WordTransliteration
(Pronunciation)
English Translation
अच्छाachchaagood
बुराburaabad
नयाnayaanew
पुरानाpuraanaaold
बड़ाbaRaabig
छोटाchhoTaasmall
मोटाmoTaafat
पतलाpatalaathin
मीठाmeeThaasweet
खट्टाkhaTTaasour

In general, adjectives can be divided into those that end in आ and those that do no. For Hindi adjectives that end in आ, these adjectives are not changed for nouns that are masculine singular. For nouns that are feminine (singular or plural), the ending आ changes to ई, while for nouns that are masculine plural, the आ  changes to ए. For example:

Masculine
Singular
Feminine
Singular/Plural
Masculine
Plural
अच्छाअच्छीअच्छे
बुराबुरीबुरे
नयानईनए
पुरानापुरानीपुराने
बड़ाबड़ीबड़े
छोटाछोटीछोटे
मोटामोटीमोटे
पतलापतलीपतले
मीठामीठीमीठे
खट्टाखट्टीखट्टे

Here are some examples of adjectives with nouns:

Masculine
Singular
Feminine
Singular
Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Plural
अच्छा राजाअच्छी रानीअच्छे राजाअच्छी रानियाँ
बुरा लड़काबुरी लड़कीबुरे लड़केबुरी लड़कियाँ
नया अध्यापकनई अध्यापिकानए अध्यापकनई अध्यापिकाएँ
पुराना कुत्तापुरानी बिल्लीपुराने कुत्तेपुरानी बिल्लियाँ
सफ़ेद घरसफ़ेद दीवारसफ़ेद घरसफ़ेद दीवारें

Here are a few points to note:

  1. Adjectives that qualify feminine nouns are the same in singular and plural (e.g. अच्छी रानी vs. अच्छी रानियाँ)
  2. For masculine nouns that do not change in plural, you can tell whether they are singular or plural by looking at the adjective (e.g. अच्छा राजा vs. अच्छे राजा).
  3. Adjectives that do not end in आ remain unchanged depending on the noun e.g. सफ़ेद
  4. For adjectives and nouns that do not inflect (e.g. सफ़ेद घर), the only way to tell if they are singular or plural is to determine from the verb.

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